They have difficulties in differentiating and expressing emotions, especially negative ones ( Baker et al., 2004). Individuals addicted to drugs are overwhelmed by their feelings. It also highlights the connection between substance use and emotion regulation difficulties ( Bennett, 2002 Witkiewitz and Wu, 2010). The occurrence of both affective and substance use disorders can exacerbate the impact of the symptoms on well-being, relating to others, and everyday functioning. Affective disorders, such as depression, are especially common in opiates use ( Matsa, 2006 Compton et al., 2007 American Psychiatric Association, 2013). The term addiction, although not included in the APA manual, is often used in order to describe the established and severe substance use ( O’Brien, 2011 American Psychiatric Association, 2013).Ĭomorbidity of addiction with mental and affective disorders is quite high and has received a lot of attention in the literature ( Bennett, 2002 Kassel and Veilleux, 2010 Lai et al., 2015). The American Psychiatric Association (2013) summarizes the required criteria for the diagnosis of substance use disorders in four broad categories: difficulties in controlling substance consumption an impact on the individual’s social life substance use despite the physical or psychological harm and pharmacological components, such as withdrawal and tolerance.
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